This book offers a compelling journey through the history, current state, and future of privacy, personal data protection, and artificial intelligence, exploring societal changes and effects. The author takes us back to the ancient origins of privacy, showing how the concept has profoundly evolved through different eras and the complex international regulations that today govern the processing of our personal data, such as the GDPR. The role of privacy in everyday life is explored, paying particular attention not only to our control over personal data but also to the emotional and psychological dynamics that determine our willingness to share intimate information in the digital age. Privacy and artificial intelligence are increasingly interconnected, creating new and complex challenges. Starting from the AI Act, the European regulation on artificial intelligence, the interactions between AI and emerging phenomena such as emotions, digital twins, AI agents, and quantum privacy are described. The book explores emerging digital identity frontiers, examining today's most advanced technologies' social, ethical, and cultural impacts. Foreword by Danilo P. Mandic and Carlo Morabito. Introduction by Guido Scorza.